商业联合和国际会计 英文版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPART 1 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS1

1 Business Combinations Involving the Merger or Consolidation of Net Assets2

The Business and Economic Incentives for Business Combinations3

Types of Business Combinations4

Merger/Consolidation5

Acquisitions of stock6

Consolidated financial statements6

Accounting for Business Combinations7

The conceptual differences between pooling and purchase8

The purchase method of accounting for a merger—book and fair market value equal10

Incidental costs associated with purchase method acquisitions12

The purchase method of accounting for a merger—purchase price exceeds fair value of net assets acquired13

Financial Statements in Purchase Combinations16

Comprehensive Illustration18

Summary21

Appendix 1:Accounting for Goodwill22

Appendix 2:Bargain Purchase Acquisitions23

The purchase metbod of accounting for a merger—purchase price is less than the book value of net assets acquired26

Summary28

Questions28

Exercises29

Problems34

2 Accounting in for Investments in the Common Stock of Affiliates42

Accounting for Acquisitions of Common Stock43

Passive investments in common stock43

Substantial influence investments in common stock44

Controlled investments in common stock46

A Comparison of the Cost Method and the Equity Method47

Equity Method Investments where Cost Exceeds Fair Market Value of Investee's Identifiable Net Assets49

Changes in ownership percentage of common stock investments51

Interim acquisitions52

Summary54

Appendix:Bargain Purchase Situations55

Case 1:Investment cost falls between book and fair market value of underlying investee net assets55

Case 2:Investment cost is less than underlying book ualue57

Summary59

Questions59

Exercises60

Problems65

3 Consolidated Balance Sheet on the Date of Acquisition72

The Concept of Consolidation73

Consolidation policv—the Criteria for Consolidation74

Consolidation Theory77

Proportional consolidation—a bybrid approach to investment reporting78

Consolidated Balance Sheet at the Date of Acquisition79

100%-owned subsidiaries—cost and book value are equal79

Less-than-100%-owned subsidiaries—cost and book value are equal81

100%-owned subsidiaries—cost is greater than book value82

Less-than-100%-owned subsidiaries—cost is greater tban book value85

Financial statement disclosure of noncontrolling interest86

Comprehensive illustration87

Summary90

Appendix92

Bargain purchase acquisitions of a 100%interest92

Bargain purchase acquisitions of less than a 100%interest94

Summary97

Questions98

Exercises98

Problems103

4 Consolidated Financial Statements Subsequent to Acquisition112

Effects of Method of Accounting on the Investment in Subsidiary Account113

Choice of accounting method for subsidiary investments113

Relationship between the investment account and the subsidiary stockholders'equity under the equity method114

Formats for Consolidated Financial Statements Worksheets116

Purchase Method Subsidiaries Accounted for by the Equity Method—Year 1116

Adjustments for errors and omissions116

Elimination of intercompany profit and elimination of reciprocal assets and liabilities117

Elimination of current year equity earnings and intercompany dividends118

Establisbment of the noncontrolling interest share of consolidated net income118

Elimination of beginning of year balances of subsidiary stockholders'equity and investment in subsidiary119

Allocation and amortization of unamortized differential119

Completion of the Consolidated Statements Worksheet120

Purchase Method Subsidiaries Accounted for by the Equity Method—Subsequent Years120

Purchase Method Subsidiaries Accounted for by the Cost Method—Year 1123

Purchase Method Subsidiaries Accounted for by the Cost Method—Subsequent Years124

Comprehensive Illustration127

The allocation schedule128

The noncontrolling interest adjustment129

Consolidated statements worksheet—equity method130

Elimination entries—equity method130

Consolidated statements worksheet—cost method133

Summary135

Questions137

Exercises137

Problems143

5 Intercompany Transactions in Inventories152

Conceptual Basis for Elimination of Intercompany Accounts153

Intercompany Transactions in Inventory153

Cost and Equity Method Issues154

Sales by parent to subsidiary—the downstream case155

Sales by subsidiary to parent—the upstream case156

Elimination Entries157

Modified equity and cost method situations—downstream sales158

Modified equity and cost method situations—upstream sales161

Full equity situations—downstream sales162

Full equity situations—upstream sales164

Summary—elimination entries for intercompany profit in inventory165

Calculating the noncontrolling interest sbare of consolidated net income167

Comprehensive Illustration168

Summary177

Appendix:Estimating the Amount of Intercompany Profit in Inventory179

Questions180

Exercises181

Problems185

6 Intercompany Transactions in Plant Assets196

Conceptual Issues Underlying Intercompany Transactions in Plant Assets197

Cost and Equity Method Issues197

Downstream sale of land198

Upstream sale of land with a noncontrolling interest198

Downstream sale of equipment199

Upstream sale of equipment with a noncontrolling interest200

Elimination Entries200

Modified equity and cost method situations—downstream sales201

Modified equity and cost method situations—upstream sales with a noncontrolling interest204

Full equity situations—downstream sales207

Full equity situations—upstream sales with a noncontrolling interest210

Calculating the noncontrolling interest share of consolidated net income213

Comprehensive Illustration215

Summary224

Questions225

Exercises225

Problems229

7 Business Combinations Using the Pooling of Interests Method238

The Conceptual Basis for a Pooling of Interests239

The Criteria for Use of the Pooling of Interests Method241

Recording a Pooling Acquisition242

Incidental costs associated with acquisitions accounted for by the pooling method246

Less than 100%acquisitions246

Postacquisition accounting247

Asset Mergers under the Pooling Method248

Consolidated Financial Statements under the Pooling Method249

Consolidated balance sheet at the date of acquisition（100%acquisition）250

Consolidated balance sheet at the date of acquisition （<100%acquisition）251

Consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition—100%ownership251

Consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition（<100%ownership）253

Summary255

Questions256

Exercises257

Problems262

PART 2 FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND TRANSLATION269

8 International Accounting-Foreign Currency Concepts and Transactions270

Accounting Problems in International Business271

Translation of foreign currency financial statements271

Foreign currency transactions272

Risk management of foreign exchange assets and liabilities272

Economic Issues in Import and Export Transactions273

Foreign exchange assets and liabilities273

Foreign exchange rates for foreign currency transactions275

Foreign exchange rates for translation of foreign currency financial statements276

Accounting for Import and Export Transactions277

Accountiing for a purchase of inventory277

Illustration of the sale of inventory278

Other foreign exchange transactions279

Managing Foreign Exchange Risk with Forward Exchange Contracts280

Accounting for hedges on foreign currency assets281

Accounting for hedges on foreign currency liabilities284

Accounting for hedges on foreign currency commitments284

Speculating in Foreign Exchange289

Hedging Investments in Foreign Currency291

Summary292

Questions292

Exercises293

Problems297

9 Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements304

The Need for Translated Financial Statements305

Translation of the language305

Translation of the accounting principles306

Translation of the currency306

Translation Terminology307

Functional currency307

Exchange rates used in translation308

Translating the Currency in Foreign Financial Statements309

Historical issues in foreign currency translation309

Example of translation311

Example of remeasurement312

Accounting for an Investment in a Foreign Subsidiary314

Applying the equity method to a translated financial statement316

Applying the equity method to a remeasured financial statement317

Comprehensive Illustration—Consolidation of a Foreign Subsidiary318

Case of functional currency=local currency319

Managing foreign exchange risk associated with foreign investments324

Summary326

Questions327

Exercises327

Problems331

Index341